According to Spearman's theory, what factor significantly influences performance on cognitive tests?

Spearman's theory, particularly through his concept of g, or general intelligence, posits that this overarching factor significantly influences performance across various cognitive tests. He suggested that in addition to this general intelligence, there are specific abilities that contribute to performance in particular areas. The correct answer emphasizes that both general intelligence and specific factors work together to impact cognitive performance. This interaction accounts for the variance seen in individuals' test scores, with g representing the core cognitive ability that underlies many specific skills or talents.

In this context, focusing solely on general intelligence would neglect the nuanced contributions that specialized skills provide. Meanwhile, the idea of only considering specific abilities or stressing environmental influences alone would not capture the full scope of factors involved in cognitive performance as outlined by Spearman's comprehensive framework.