In the context of the American School Counselor Association's ASCA National Model, which of the following is classified as a management activity?

In the framework of the ASCA National Model, management activities are those that deal with the organization and delivery of the school counseling program as well as ensuring the effective operation of the counseling services. Providing system support involves the activities and actions that facilitate the overall operation and improvement of the counseling program, such as developing policies, creating support systems, and collaborating with other staff and stakeholders to enhance the effectiveness of school counseling efforts. This encompasses organizing resources and strategic planning, which are essential aspects of management within any program.

The other choices primarily focus on direct service to students. Delivering guidance programs, individual planning, and offering responsive services are more aligned with direct interaction and interventions with students, rather than the broader management activities that ensure the counseling program runs effectively and efficiently.