What is the primary feature of the formal operational stage in Piaget's theory?

The primary feature of the formal operational stage in Piaget's theory is abstract and hypothetical reasoning. This stage typically begins around age 11 and continues into adulthood. During this stage, individuals develop the capacity to think about abstract concepts such as justice, freedom, and love, as well as engage in hypothetical reasoning, where they can ponder possibilities that are not grounded in reality or current circumstances.

This means they can formulate and consider multiple hypotheses, think critically about different situations, and engage in logical problem-solving that is not tied to concrete or tangible topics. The ability to manipulate ideas in one's mind and consider abstract relationships fundamentally distinguishes the formal operational stage from earlier stages of cognitive development.