Which ability does NOT fall under Gardner's Multiple Intelligences?

Mathematical reasoning is often associated with logical-mathematical intelligence, which is one of Gardner's Multiple Intelligences. Logical-mathematical intelligence pertains to the capacity to analyze problems logically, carry out mathematical operations, and investigate issues scientifically. It is frequently measured through conventional educational assessments that focus on mathematical skills and reasoning.

In contrast, intrapersonal intelligence relates to your ability to understand your own emotions, motivations, and inner workings and how these affect your behaviors and interactions with others. Musical intelligence involves the skill in performance, composition, and appreciation of musical patterns. Lastly, visual-spatial intelligence encompasses the ability to visualize with the mind's eye and manipulate spatial judgments, a skill utilized by architects, artists, and navigators.

Understanding that Gardner's framework identifies distinct types of intelligence helps clarify why mathematical reasoning, as a specific ability largely evaluated in standardized tests, does not fit within the broader categories that Gardner encompasses in his theory.