Which of the following is NOT a method of appraisal?

Focus groups are primarily used for gathering qualitative data and insights from a group of individuals regarding their opinions, attitudes, and experiences. While they can provide valuable information in various contexts, they do not serve as a formal method of appraisal when compared to the other options listed.

In contrast, behavioral observations involve systematic recording of observable behaviors, allowing counselors to assess clients’ actions in real-time situations. Test batteries refer to a set of standardized tests designed to measure various areas such as cognitive abilities, personality traits, or academic skills, making them a structured approach to assessment. Sociograms visually map social relationships and interactions among individuals, providing insights into social dynamics and connections, which are also valuable for appraisal purposes.

The distinction lies in the nature of the methods: behavioral observations, test batteries, and sociograms are direct forms of assessment, while focus groups are more exploratory and subjective in nature.