Which type of validity assesses how well a test predicts future performance?

Criterion-related validity is the type of validity that specifically evaluates how well a test predicts future performance. This form of validity is established through the correlation between the test scores and a relevant criterion, such as future outcomes or behaviors. For instance, in educational settings, a standardized test may be used to predict a student's future academic success or performance in a specific subject area.

This type of validity is crucial when determining the practical applicability of a test in real-world settings, as it directly relates the test results to actual performance outcomes. It is commonly assessed through two methods: concurrent validity, which examines the test's effectiveness in predicting outcomes at the same time, and predictive validity, which evaluates its effectiveness in forecasting future performance.

In contrast, content validity focuses on the extent to which the test represents the subject matter it is intended to measure, while construct validity assesses how well a test measures the theoretical construct or trait it aims to evaluate. Face validity refers to the appearance of the test being relevant to the intended purpose but does not provide any empirical evidence of its effectiveness in predicting performance. Therefore, criterion-related validity is the most appropriate answer when discussing the predictive capabilities of a test regarding future performance.